Direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC): A numerical method for transition-regime flows-A review

Abstract

In fluid flow situations, the Navier-Stokes equations cannot adequately describe the transition and the free molecular regimes. In these regimes, the Boltzmann equation of kinetic theory is invoked to govern the flows. But this equation cannot be solved easily, neither by analytical techniques nor by numerical methods. Hence, in order to manoeuvre around this equation, Bird introduced a particle simulation technique called the 'Direct Simulation Monte Carlo' (DSMC) method. It is regarded as a numerical method for solving the Boltzmann equation. It has, over the years, become a very popular methodology for the simulation of fluids, where molecular effects are important. In this review, a brief description of the Boltzmann equation and its solution techniques are provided. Then the general DSMC procedure is explained. A brief summary of the advances, which have occurred on and
due to DSMC, is given. A few limitations and constraints of the method are also briefly mentioned.