Automation of minimum torque-based accurate solar tracking systems using microprocessors

Abstract

In this paper, the dynamic equations for the planetary motion are derived. These are based on the threedimensional kinematic equations needed for tracking spherical bodies such as the Earth. To track the Sun with minimum torque where the solar energy conversion is maximum, i.e. all the while, the solar rays are incident normal to the receiving surface (the solar panel). The tracking system is designed in such a way that one can track the Sun with the minimum torque. Minimum condition (the minimum torque) is maintained even when the seasonal variation is given to the solar panel frame. Three methods are discussed here for an automatic operation of the system which includes an intelligent tracking method, in the case of interrupted power supply. This work also introduces microprocessors to track the Sun besides other electronic methods. Accurate tracking takes into account the change in the orientation of the Earth's axis due to the gravitational pull of Jupiter, and the moon.