Human Kidney Stone Analysis using X-ray Powder Diffraction
Abstract
analysis are critically reviewed. Although various methods, such as the FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry etc. can be used for qualitative phase analysis of kidney stones, the Rietveld method based on high quality X-ray powder diffraction data provides a precise and reliable technique for identifying the structure as well as the quantitative phase abundance of different crystalline components in human urinary calculi. Quantitative phase analyses of ten (10) kidney stones (KS1-KS10) from eastern India revealed that most of the calculi samples are mixture of phases with calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite) as the major constituent and varying amounts of calcium oxalate dihydrate (weddellite), calcium hydroxyapatite, uric acid and ammonium acid urate. The crystal structures of whewellite and weddellite have been redetermined using X-ray powder diffraction methodology.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Williams, J. C. (2009) Br. J. Urol. 104, 8.
Knoll, T. (2007) Eur. Urol. Suppl. 6, 717.
Bazin, D., Daudon, M., Combes, C. & Rey, C. (2012) Chem.
Rev. 112, 5092.
Taylor, E. N. & Curhan, G. C. (2006) Kidney Int. 70, 835.
Coe, F. L., Evan, A. & Worcester, E. (2005) J. Clin. Invest.
, 2598.
Sperrin, M. W. & Rogers, K. (1998) Br. J. Urol. 82, 781.
Satish, R. S., Ranjit, B., Ganesh, K. M., Rao, G. N. & Janardhana, C. (2008) Curr. Sci. 94, 104.
Orlando, M. T. D., Kuplich, L., de Souza, D. O., Belich, H.,
Depianti, J. B., Orlando, C. G. P., Medeiros, E. F., da Cruz,
P. C. M., Martinez, L. G., Correˆa, H. P. S. & Ortiz, R. (2008) Powder Diffr. Suppl. 23, S59.
Daudon, M., Jungers, P. & Bazin, D. (2008) New Engl. J. Med. 359, 100.
Pak, C. Y. C. (2008) J. Urol. 180, 813.
Ansari, M. S., Gupta, N. P., Hemal, A. K., Dogra, P. N.,
Seth, A., Aron, M. & Singh, T. P. (2005) Int. J. Urol. 12, 12.
Sarika, K., Altay, B. & Erturhan, S. (2008) Urol. 71, 771.
Taylor, E. N., Stampfer, M. J. & Curhan, G. C. (2005) J. Am. Med. Assoc. 293, 455.
Daudon, M., Bazin, D., Andre´, G., Jungers, P., Cousson, A.,
Chevallier, P., Ve´ron, E. & Matzen, G. (2009) J. Appl. Cryst.
, 109.
Coe, F. L., Parks, J. H. & Asplin, J. R. (1992) N. Engl. J. Med. 327, 1141.
Taylor, E. N., Stampfer, M. J. & Curhan, G. C. (2004) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15, 3225.
Gracia-Garcia, S., Millan-Rodriguez, F., Rousaud-Baron,
F., Montanes-Bermudez, R., Angerri-Feu, O., Sanchez-
Martin, F., Villavicencio-Mavrich, H. & Oliver-Samper, A.
(2011) Actas. Urol. Esp. 35, 354.
Rule, A. D., Bergstralh, E. J., Melton, L. J., Li, X., Weaver, A.
L. & Lieske, J. C.(2009) Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 4, 804.
Caudarella, R., Vescini, F., Buffa, A., La Manna, G. &
Stefoni, S. (2004) Urol. Int. 72, 17.
Cytron, S. E., Kravchick, S., Ben-ami, S., Shulzinger, E.,
Vasserman, I. Raichlin, Y. & Katzir, A. (2003) Urology. 61,
Daudon, M., Bazin, D., Adil, K. & Le Bail, A. (2011) Acta. Cryst. E67, o1458.
Kasidas, G. P., Samuell, C. T. & Weir, T. B. (2004) Ann. Clin.
Biochem. 41, 91.
Miller, L. M. & Dumas, P. (2006) Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 1758, 846.
Singh, I. (2008) Int. Urol. Nephrol. 40, 595.
Schubert, G. (2006) Urol. Res. 34, 146.
Harada, Y., Tomita, T., Kokubo, Y., Daimon, H. & Ino, S. (1993) J. Elec. Micros. 42, 294.
Lee, H. P., Leong, D. & Heng, C. T. (2011) Urol. Res. 39, 1.
Fazil, M. Y. M., Lekshmi, P. R., Varma, L. & Koshy, P. (2009) Urol. Res. 37, 277.
Uvarov, V., Popov, I., Shapur, M., Abdin, T., Gofrit, O. N.,
Pode, D. & Duvdevani, M. (2011) Environ. Geochem. Health. 33, 613.
Carmona, P., Bellanato, J. & Escolar, E. (1997) Biospectroscopy. 3, 331.
Pestaner, J. P., Mullick, F. G., Johnson, F. B. & Centeno, J. A.
(1996) Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 120, 537.
Hong, T. D., Phat, D., Plaza, P., Daudon, M. & Dao, N. Q. (1992) Clin. Chem. 38, 292.
Daudon, M., Bader, C. A. & Jungers, P. (1993) Scann. Micros. 7, 1081.
Khan, S. R. & Hackett, R. L. (1986) J. Urol. 135, 818.
Kim, K. M. (1982) Scann. Electron Micros. 4, 1635.
Frost, R. L. & Weier, M. L. (2004) Thermochim. Acta. 409, 79.
Frost, R. L. & Weier, M. L. (2003) Thermochim. Acta. 406, 221.
Cullity, B. D. Elements of X-ray Diffraction, 2nd Ed; Addison- Wesley Pub. Co. Inc., USA. 1978.
Rietveld, H. M. (1967) Acta Cryst. 22, 151.
Rietveld, H. M. (1969) J. Appl. Cryst. 2, 65.
Young, R. A. (1996) Editor. The Rietveld Method, IUCr/
Oxford University Press.
Hill, R. J. & Howard, C. J. (1987) J. Appl. Cryst. 20, 467.
Bish, D. L. & Howard, S. A. (1988) J. Appl. Cryst. 21, 86.
Reid, J. W. & Hendry, J. A. (2006) J. Appl. Cryst. 39, 536.
Ghosh, S., Basu, S., Chakraborty, S. & Mukherjee, A. K.
(2009) J. Appl. Cryst. 42, 629.
Chung, F. H. (1974) J. Appl. Cryst. 7, 519.
Hubbard, C. R., Evans, E. H. & Smith, D. K. (1976) J. Appl. Cryst. 92, 169.
Young, R. A. & Wiles, D. B. (1982) J. Appl. Cryst. 15, 430.
Enzo, S., Fagherazzi, G., Benedetti, A. & Polizzi, S. (1988) J. Appl. Cryst. 21, 536.
Lutterotti, L., Scardi, P. & Maistrelli, P. (1992) J. Appl. Cryst. 25, 459.
Prien, E. L. & Frondel, C. (1947) J. Urol. 57, 949.
Lonsdale, K. (1968) Nature, 159, 1199.
Sutor, D. J., Wooley, S. E. & Illingworth, J. J. (1974) Br. J.
Urol. 46, 393.
Gibson, R. I. (1974) Am. Mineral. 59, 1177.
Mansfield, C. F. & Griffith, D. P. (1976) Am. Mineral. 61, 1031.
Herring, L. C. (1962) J. Urol. 88, 545.
Murphy, B. T. & Pyrah, L. N. (1962) Br. J. Urol. 34, 129.
Leusmann, D. B. (1991) Scand. J. Urol. 25, 141.
Laing, M. & Kerr, A. (1991) South Afr Med. J. 79, 407.
Hossain, R. Z., Ogawa, Y., Hokama, S. Morozumi, M. &
Hatano, T. (2003) Int. J. Urol. 10, 411.
Fridel, P., Bergmann, J., Kleeberg, R. & Schubert, G. (2006)
Z. Kristallogr. Suppl. 23, 517.
Lutterotti, L. (2008) MAUD. Version 2.064. http://www.
ing.unitn.it/∼maud/.
Tazzoli, V., & Domeneghetti, C. (1980) Am. Minerol. 65, 327.
Sudarsanan, K. & Young, R. A. (1969) Acta Cryst. B25, 1534.
Ringertz, H. (1966) Acta. Cryst. 20, 397.
Popa, N. C. (1998) J. Appl. Cryst. 31, 176.
Chandrajith, R., Wijewardana, G., Dissanayake, C. B. &
Abeygunasekara, A. (2006) Environ. Geochem. Health, 28, 393.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.