Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes

Abstract

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) have suitable perspectives to replace their classical counterparts for the distributed generation of electrical energy with small and medium power sources (50 kWel). The main advantages of SOFCs rely on the high conversion efficiency and low environmental impact. Practical SOFC operating temperatures between 600 ◦C and 800 ◦C are aimed to increase life-time and reduce costs. These can be achieved only by using electrolytes with proper ionic conductivity at intermediate temperatures. This review deals with a survey of the current research on advanced materials to be used as electrolyte for intermediate or low temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Specific properties such as reaction mechanism, chemical compatibility, effects of dopants, and conductivity are discussed.