Noise Detected NMR Spectroscopy

Kousik Chandra

Abstract


Spin noise phenomenon was predicted way back in 1946. However, experimental investigations regarding spin noise became possibleonly recently with major technological improvements in NMR hardware.These experiments have several potential novel applications and also demand refinements in the existing theoretical framework to explainthe phenomenon. Elegance of noise spectroscopy in gathering information about the properties of a system lies in the fact that it does not require external perturbation, and the system remains in thermal equilibrium. Spinnoise is intrinsic magnetic fluctuations, and both longitudinal and transverse components have been detected independently in many systems.  Detection of fluctuating longitudinal magnetization leads to field of Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy (MRFM) that can efficiently probe veryfew spins even down to the level of single spin utilizing ultrasensitive cantilevers.Transverse component of spin noise, which can simultaneously monitor different resonances over a given frequency range enabling oneto distinguish between different chemical environments, has also received considerable attention, and found many novel applications. These experiments demand a detailed understanding of the underlying spin noise phenomenonin order to perform perturbation-free magnetic resonance andwiden the highly promising application area. Detailed investigations ofnoise magnetization have been performed recently using force microscopyon equilibrium ensemble of paramagnetic alkali atoms. It was observed that random fluctuations generate spontaneous spin coherences whichhas similar characteristics as generated by macroscopic magnetization of polarized ensemble in terms of precession and relaxation properties. Several other intrinsic properties like g-factors, isotope-abundance ratios,hyperfine splitting, spin coherence lifetimes etc. also have been achieved without having to excite the sample. In contrast to MRFM-approaches,detection of transverse spin noise also offers novel applications, attracting considerable attention. This has unique advantage as different resonances over a given frequency range enable one to distinguish between differentchemical environments. Since these noise signatures scale inversely with sample size, these approaches lead to the possibility of non-perturbative magnetic resonance of small systems down to nano-scale. In this review,these different approaches will be highlighted with main emphasis on transverse spin noise investigations.

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